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Compare Tonga (2006) - New Zealand (2001)

Compare Tonga (2006) z New Zealand (2001)

 Tonga (2006)New Zealand (2001)
 TongaNew Zealand
Administrative divisions 3 island groups; Ha'apai, Tongatapu, Vava'u 93 counties, 9 districts*, and 3 town districts**; Akaroa, Amuri, Ashburton, Bay of Islands, Bruce, Buller, Chatham Islands, Cheviot, Clifton, Clutha, Cook, Dannevirke, Egmont, Eketahuna, Ellesmere, Eltham, Eyre, Featherston, Franklin, Golden Bay, Great Barrier Island, Grey, Hauraki Plains, Hawera*, Hawke's Bay, Heathcote, Hikurangi**, Hobson, Hokianga, Horowhenua, Hurunui, Hutt, Inangahua, Inglewood, Kaikoura, Kairanga, Kiwitea, Lake, Mackenzie, Malvern, Manaia**, Manawatu, Mangonui, Maniototo, Marlborough, Masterton, Matamata, Mount Herbert, Ohinemuri, Opotiki, Oroua, Otamatea, Otorohanga*, Oxford, Pahiatua, Paparua, Patea, Piako, Pohangina, Raglan, Rangiora*, Rangitikei, Rodney, Rotorua*, Runanga, Saint Kilda, Silverpeaks, Southland, Stewart Island, Stratford, Strathallan, Taranaki, Taumarunui, Taupo, Tauranga, Thames-Coromandel*, Tuapeka, Vincent, Waiapu, Waiheke, Waihemo, Waikato, Waikohu, Waimairi, Waimarino, Waimate, Waimate West, Waimea, Waipa, Waipawa*, Waipukurau*, Wairarapa South, Wairewa, Wairoa, Waitaki, Waitomo*, Waitotara, Wallace, Wanganui, Waverley**, Westland, Whakatane*, Whangarei, Whangaroa, Woodville

note:
there may be a new administrative structure of 16 regions (Auckland, Bay of Plenty, Canterbury, Gisborne, Hawke's Bay, Marlborough, Nelson, Northland, Otago, Southland, Taranaki, Tasman, Waikato, Wanganui-Manawatu, Wellington, West Coast) that are subdivided into 57 districts and 16 cities* (Ashburton, Auckland*, Banks Peninsula, Buller, Carterton, Central Hawke's Bay, Central Otago, Christchurch*, Clutha, Dunedin*, Far North, Franklin, Gisborne, Gore, Grey, Hamilton*, Hastings, Hauraki, Horowhenua, Hurunui, Hutt*, Invercargill*, Kaikoura, Kaipara, Kapiti Coast, Kawerau, Mackenzie, Manawatu, Manukau*, Marlborough, Masterton, Matamata Piako, Napier*, Nelson*, New Plymouth, North Shore*, Opotiki, Otorohanga, Palmerston North*, Papakura*, Porirua*, Queenstown Lakes, Rangitikei, Rodney, Rotorua, Ruapehu, Selwyn, Southland, South Taranaki, South Waikato, South Wairarapa, Stratford, Tararua, Tasman, Taupo, Tauranga, Thames Coromandel, Timaru, Upper Hutt*, Waikato, Waimakariri, Waimate, Waipa, Wairoa, Waitakere*, Waitaki, Waitomo, Wanganui, Wellington*, Western Bay of Plenty, Westland, Whakatane, Whangarei)
Age structure 0-14 years: 35.3% (male 20,679/female 19,843)


15-64 years: 60.5% (male 34,399/female 34,964)


65 years and over: 4.2% (male 2,059/female 2,745) (2006 est.)
0-14 years:
22.36% (male 442,738; female 421,462)

15-64 years:
66.11% (male 1,281,781; female 1,272,674)

65 years and over:
11.53% (male 193,895; female 251,579) (2001 est.)
Agriculture - products squash, coconuts, copra, bananas, vanilla beans, cocoa, coffee, ginger, black pepper; fish wheat, barley, potatoes, pulses, fruits, vegetables; wool, beef, dairy products; fish
Airports 6 (2006) 111 (2000 est.)
Airports - with paved runways total: 1


2,438 to 3,047 m: 1 (2006)
total:
44

over 3,047 m:
2

2,438 to 3,047 m:
1

1,524 to 2,437 m:
10

914 to 1,523 m:
28

under 914 m:
3 (2000 est.)
Airports - with unpaved runways total: 5


1,524 to 2,437 m: 1


914 to 1,523 m: 3


under 914 m: 1 (2006)
total:
67

1,524 to 2,437 m:
1

914 to 1,523 m:
24

under 914 m:
42 (2000 est.)
Area total: 748 sq km


land: 718 sq km


water: 30 sq km
total:
268,680 sq km

land:
268,670 sq km

water:
10 sq km

note:
includes Antipodes Islands, Auckland Islands, Bounty Islands, Campbell Island, Chatham Islands, and Kermadec Islands
Area - comparative four times the size of Washington, DC about the size of Colorado
Background Tonga - unique among Pacific nations - never completely lost its indigenous governance. The archipelagos of "The Friendly Islands" were united into a Polynesian kingdom in 1845. Tonga became a constitutional monarchy in 1875 and a British protectorate in 1900; it withdrew from the protectorate and joined the Commonwealth of Nations in 1970. Tonga remains the only monarchy in the Pacific. The British colony of New Zealand became an independent dominion in 1907 and supported the UK militarily in both World Wars. New Zealand withdrew from a number of defense alliances during the 1970s and 1980s. In recent years the government has sought to address longstanding native Maori grievances.
Birth rate 25.37 births/1,000 population (2006 est.) 14.28 births/1,000 population (2001 est.)
Budget revenues: $56.97 million


expenditures: $83.88 million; including capital expenditures of $1.9 million (FY99/00 est.)
revenues:
$19.2 billion

expenditures:
$19.2 billion, including capital expenditures of $NA (1999 est.)
Capital name: Nuku'alofa


geographic coordinates: 21 08 S, 175 12 W


time difference: UTC+13 (18 hours ahead of Washington, DC during Standard Time)
Wellington
Climate tropical; modified by trade winds; warm season (December to May), cool season (May to December) temperate with sharp regional contrasts
Coastline 419 km 15,134 km
Constitution 4 November 1875; revised 1 January 1967 consists of a series of legal documents, including certain acts of the UK and New Zealand Parliaments and The Constitution Act 1986 which is the principal formal charter
Country name conventional long form: Kingdom of Tonga


conventional short form: Tonga


local long form: Pule'anga Tonga


local short form: Tonga


former: Friendly Islands
conventional long form:
none

conventional short form:
New Zealand

abbreviation:
NZ
Currency - New Zealand dollar (NZD)
Death rate 5.28 deaths/1,000 population (2006 est.) 7.56 deaths/1,000 population (2001 est.)
Debt - external $80.7 million (2004) $30.8 billion (2000 est.)
Diplomatic representation from the US the US does not have an embassy in Tonga; the ambassador to Fiji is accredited to Tonga chief of mission:
Ambassador Carol MOSELEY-BRAUN

embassy:
29 Fitzherbert Terrace, Thorndon, Wellington

mailing address:
P. O. Box 1190, Wellington; PSC 467, Box 1, FPO AP 96531-1001

telephone:
[64] (4) 472-2068

FAX:
[64] (4) 478-1701

consulate(s) general:
Auckland
Diplomatic representation in the US chief of mission: Ambassador Fekitamoeloa 'UTOIKAMANU


chancery: 250 East 51st Street, New York, NY 10022


telephone: [1] (917) 369-1025


FAX: [1] (917) 369-1024


consulate(s) general: San Francisco
chief of mission:
Ambassador James Brendan BOLGER

chancery:
37 Observatory Circle NW, Washington, DC 20008

telephone:
[1] (202) 328-4800

FAX:
[1] (202) 667-5227

consulate(s) general:
Los Angeles, New York
Disputes - international none territorial claim in Antarctica (Ross Dependency)
Economic aid - donor - ODA, $123 million (1995)
Economic aid - recipient $19.3 million Australia $5.5 million, New Zealand $2.3 million (FY01/02) -
Economy - overview Tonga, a small, open, South Pacific island economy, has a narrow export base in agricultural goods. Squash, coconuts, bananas, and vanilla beans are the main crops, and agricultural exports make up two-thirds of total exports. The country must import a high proportion of its food, mainly from New Zealand. The country remains dependent on external aid and remittances from Tongan communities overseas to offset its trade deficit. Tourism is the second-largest source of hard currency earnings following remittances. The government is emphasizing the development of the private sector, especially the encouragement of investment, and is committing increased funds for health and education. Tonga has a reasonably sound basic infrastructure and well-developed social services. High unemployment among the young, a continuing upturn in inflation, pressures for democratic reform, and rising civil service expenditures are major issues facing the government. Since 1984 the government has accomplished major economic restructuring, moving an agrarian economy dependent on concessionary British market access toward a more industrialized, free market economy that can compete globally. This dynamic growth has boosted real incomes, broadened and deepened the technological capabilities of the industrial sector, and contained inflationary pressures. Inflation remains among the lowest in the industrial world. Per capita GDP has been moving up toward the levels of the big West European economies. New Zealand's heavy dependence on trade leaves its growth prospects vulnerable to economic performance in Asia, Europe, and the US. With the FY00/01 budget pushing up pension and other public outlays, the government's ability to meet fiscal targets will depend on sustained economic growth.
Electricity - consumption 31.62 million kWh (2003) 35.295 billion kWh (1999)
Electricity - exports 0 kWh (2003) 0 kWh (1999)
Electricity - imports 0 kWh (2003) 0 kWh (1999)
Electricity - production 34 million kWh (2003) 37.952 billion kWh (1999)
Electricity - production by source - fossil fuel:
30.49%

hydro:
61.42%

nuclear:
0%

other:
8.09% (1999)
Elevation extremes lowest point: Pacific Ocean 0 m


highest point: unnamed location on Kao Island 1,033 m
lowest point:
Pacific Ocean 0 m

highest point:
Mount Cook 3,764 m
Environment - current issues deforestation results as more and more land is being cleared for agriculture and settlement; some damage to coral reefs from starfish and indiscriminate coral and shell collectors; overhunting threatens native sea turtle populations deforestation; soil erosion; native flora and fauna hard-hit by species introduced from outside
Environment - international agreements party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Desertification, Law of the Sea, Marine Dumping, Marine Life Conservation, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution


signed, but not ratified: none of the selected agreements
party to:
Antarctic-Environmental Protocol, Antarctic-Marine Living Resources, Antarctic Treaty, Biodiversity, Climate Change, Desertification, Endangered Species, Environmental Modification, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Marine Dumping, Nuclear Test Ban, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Tropical Timber 83, Tropical Timber 94, Wetlands, Whaling

signed, but not ratified:
Antarctic Seals, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Marine Life Conservation
Ethnic groups Polynesian, Europeans New Zealand European 74.5%, Maori 9.7%, other European 4.6%, Pacific Islander 3.8%, Asian and others 7.4%
Exchange rates pa'anga per US dollar - 1.96 (2005), 1.9716 (2004), 2.142 (2003), 2.1952 (2002), 2.1236 (2001) New Zealand dollars per US dollar - 2.2502 (January 2001), 2.1863 (2000), 1.8886 (1999), 1.8632 (1998), 1.5083 (1997), 1.4543 (1996)
Executive branch chief of state: King George TUPOU V (since 11 September 2006)


head of government: Prime Minister Dr. Feleti SEVELE (since 11 February 2006); Deputy Prime Minister Dr. Viliami TANGI (since 16 May 2006)


cabinet: Cabinet currently consists of 14 members, 10 appointed by the monarch for life; 4 appointed from among the elected members of the Legislative Assembly, including 2 each from the nobles and peoples representatives serving three year terms


note: there is also a Privy Council that consists of the monarch, the cabinet, and two governors


elections: none; the monarch is hereditary; prime minister and deputy prime minister appointed by the monarch
chief of state:
Queen ELIZABETH II (since 6 February 1952), represented by Governor General Dame Silvia CARTWRIGHT (since 4 April 2001)

head of government:
Prime Minister Helen CLARK (since 10 December 1999) and Deputy Prime Minister Jim ANDERTON (since 10 December 1999)

cabinet:
Executive Council appointed by the governor general on the recommendation of the prime minister

elections:
none; the monarch is hereditary; governor general appointed by the monarch; following legislative elections, the leader of the majority party or the leader of a majority coalition is usually appointed prime minister by the governor general for a three-year term; deputy prime minister appointed by the governor general
Exports NA bbl/day $14.6 billion (f.o.b., 2000 est.)
Exports - commodities squash, fish, vanilla beans, root crops dairy products, meat, fish, wool, forestry products, manufactures
Exports - partners Japan 41.5%, US 33.1%, NZ 6.3% (2005) Australia 22%, US 14%, Japan 13%, UK 7% (1999)
Fiscal year 1 July - 30 June 1 July - 30 June
Flag description red with a bold red cross on a white rectangle in the upper hoist-side corner blue with the flag of the UK in the upper hoist-side quadrant with four red five-pointed stars edged in white centered in the outer half of the flag; the stars represent the Southern Cross constellation
GDP - purchasing power parity - $67.6 billion (2000 est.)
GDP - composition by sector agriculture: 23%


industry: 27%


services: 50% (FY03/04 est.)
agriculture:
8%

industry:
23%

services:
69% (1999)
GDP - per capita - purchasing power parity - $17,700 (2000 est.)
GDP - real growth rate 2.4% (2005 est.) 3.6% (2000 est.)
Geographic coordinates 20 00 S, 175 00 W 41 00 S, 174 00 E
Geography - note archipelago of 169 islands (36 inhabited) about 80% of the population lives in cities; Wellington is the southernmost national capital in the world
Highways - total:
92,200 km

paved:
53,568 km (including at least 144 km of expressways)

unpaved:
38,632 km (1996)
Household income or consumption by percentage share lowest 10%: NA%


highest 10%: NA%
lowest 10%:
0.3%

highest 10%:
29.8% (1991 est.)
Imports NA bbl/day $14.3 billion (f.o.b., 2000 est.)
Imports - commodities foodstuffs, machinery and transport equipment, fuels, chemicals machinery and equipment, vehicles and aircraft, petroleum, consumer goods, plastics
Imports - partners NZ 33.4%, Fiji 26.7%, Australia 10.5%, US 8.4% (2005) Australia 24%, US 17%, Japan 12%, UK 4% (1999)
Independence 4 June 1970 (from UK protectorate) 26 September 1907 (from UK)
Industrial production growth rate 1% (2003 est.) 6.2% (2000)
Industries tourism, fishing food processing, wood and paper products, textiles, machinery, transportation equipment, banking and insurance, tourism, mining
Infant mortality rate total: 12.3 deaths/1,000 live births


male: 13.63 deaths/1,000 live births


female: 10.91 deaths/1,000 live births (2006 est.)
6.28 deaths/1,000 live births (2001 est.)
Inflation rate (consumer prices) 11.1% (2005 est.) 2.4% (2000 est.)
International organization participation ACP, AsDB, C, FAO, G-77, IBRD, ICAO, ICFTU, ICRM, IDA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, IHO, IMF, IMO, Interpol, IOC, ITU, OPCW, PIF, Sparteca, SPC, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UPU, WCO, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO (observer) ABEDA, ANZUS (US suspended security obligations to NZ on 11 August 1986), APEC, ARF (dialogue partner), AsDB, ASEAN (dialogue partner), Australia Group, C, CCC, CP, EBRD, ESCAP, FAO, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICFTU, ICRM, IDA, IEA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, IHO, ILO, IMF, IMO, Inmarsat, Intelsat, Interpol, IOC, IOM (observer), ISO, ITU, NAM (guest), NSG, OECD, OPCW, PCA, Sparteca, SPC, SPF, UN, UNAMSIL, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UNMIK, UNMOP, UNTAET, UNTSO, UPU, WFTU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTrO
Internet Service Providers (ISPs) - 36 (2000)
Irrigated land NA 2,850 sq km (1993 est.)
Judicial branch Supreme Court (judges are appointed by the monarch); Court of Appeal (Chief Justice and high court justices from overseas chosen and approved by Privy Council) High Court; Court of Appeal
Labor force 33,910 (2003) 1.88 million (2000)
Labor force - by occupation agriculture: 65%


industry and services: 35% (1997 est.)
services 65%, industry 25%, agriculture 10% (1995)
Land boundaries 0 km 0 km
Land use arable land: 20%


permanent crops: 14.67%


other: 65.33% (2005)
arable land:
9%

permanent crops:
5%

permanent pastures:
50%

forests and woodland:
28%

other:
8% (1993 est.)
Languages Tongan, English English (official), Maori
Legal system based on English law based on English law, with special land legislation and land courts for Maoris; accepts compulsory ICJ jurisdiction, with reservations
Legislative branch unicameral Legislative Assembly or Fale Alea (32 seats - 14 reserved for cabinet ministers sitting ex officio, 9 for nobles selected by the country's 33 nobles, and 9 elected by popular vote; members serve three-year terms)


elections: last held 21 March 2005 (next to be held in 2008)


election results: Peoples Representatives: percent of vote - HRDMT 70%; seats - HRDMT 7, independents 2
unicameral House of Representatives - commonly called Parliament (120 seats; members elected by popular vote in single-member constituencies to serve three-year terms)

elections:
last held 27 November 1999 (next must be called by November 2002)

election results:
percent of vote by party - NA%; seats by party - NZLP 49, NP 39, Alliance 10, ACT New Zealand 9, Green Party 7, NZFP 5, UNZ 1

note:
NZLP and Alliance formed the government coalition; the National Party became the opposition party
Life expectancy at birth total population: 69.82 years


male: 67.32 years


female: 72.45 years (2006 est.)
total population:
77.99 years

male:
75.01 years

female:
81.1 years (2001 est.)
Literacy definition: can read and write Tongan and/or English


total population: 98.9%


male: 98.8%


female: 99% (1999 est.)
definition:
age 15 and over can read and write

total population:
99% (1980 est.)

male:
NA%

female:
NA%
Location Oceania, archipelago in the South Pacific Ocean, about two-thirds of the way from Hawaii to New Zealand Oceania, islands in the South Pacific Ocean, southeast of Australia
Map references Oceania Oceania
Maritime claims territorial sea: 12 nm


exclusive economic zone: 200 nm


continental shelf: 200-m depth or to the depth of exploitation
continental shelf:
200 NM or to the edge of the continental margin

exclusive economic zone:
200 NM

territorial sea:
12 NM
Merchant marine total: 16 ships (1000 GRT or over) 62,185 GRT/72,960 DWT


by type: bulk carrier 1, cargo 10, liquefied gas 1, livestock carrier 1, passenger/cargo 1, petroleum tanker 1, refrigerated cargo 1


foreign-owned: 4 (Australia 1, Norway 1, Switzerland 1, UK 1) (2006)
total:
9 ships (1,000 GRT or over) totaling 72,389 GRT/109,018 DWT

ships by type:
bulk 3, cargo 1, container 1, petroleum tanker 2, railcar carrier 1, roll on/roll off 1 (2000 est.)
Military branches Tonga Defense Services: Land Force (Royal Guard), Naval Force (includes Royal Marines, Air Wing) (2006) New Zealand Army, Royal New Zealand Navy, Royal New Zealand Air Force
Military expenditures - dollar figure NA $883 million (FY97/98)
Military expenditures - percent of GDP NA 1.1% (FY97/98)
Military manpower - availability - males age 15-49:
1,000,102 (2001 est.)
Military manpower - fit for military service - males age 15-49:
841,915 (2001 est.)
Military manpower - military age - 20 years of age
Military manpower - reaching military age annually - males:
26,480 (2001 est.)
National holiday Emancipation Day, 4 June (1970) Waitangi Day (Treaty of Waitangi established British sovereignty over New Zealand), 6 February (1840)
Nationality noun: Tongan(s)


adjective: Tongan
noun:
New Zealander(s)

adjective:
New Zealand
Natural hazards cyclones (October to April); earthquakes and volcanic activity on Fonuafo'ou earthquakes are common, though usually not severe; volcanic activity
Natural resources fish, fertile soil natural gas, iron ore, sand, coal, timber, hydropower, gold, limestone
Net migration rate 0 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2006 est.) 4.71 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2001 est.)
Pipelines - petroleum products 160 km; natural gas 1,000 km; liquefied petroleum gas or LPG 150 km
Political parties and leaders People's Democratic Party [Tesina FUKO] ACT, New Zealand [Richard PREBBLE]; Alliance (a coalition of the New Labor Party, Democratic Party, New Zealand Liberal Party, and Mana Motuhake) [Jim ANDERTON]; Green Party [Jeanette FITZSIMONS and Rod DONALD]; National Party or NP [Jenny SHIPLEY]; New Zealand First Party or NZFP [Winston PETERS]; New Zealand Labor Party or NZLP [Helen CLARK]; United New Zealand or UNZ [Peter DUNNE]
Political pressure groups and leaders Human Rights and Democracy Movement Tonga or HRDMT [Rev. Simote VEA, chairman]; Public Servant's Association [Finau TUTONE] NA
Population 114,689 (July 2006 est.) 3,864,129 (July 2001 est.)
Population below poverty line 24% NA% NA%
Population growth rate 2.01% (2006 est.) 1.14% (2001 est.)
Ports and harbors - Auckland, Christchurch, Dunedin, Tauranga, Wellington
Radio broadcast stations AM 1, FM 4, shortwave 1 (2004) AM 124, FM 290, shortwave 4 (1998)
Radios - 3.75 million (1997)
Railways - total:
3,913 km

narrow gauge:
3,913 km 1.067-m gauge (519 km electrified) (1999)
Religions Christian (Free Wesleyan Church claims over 30,000 adherents) Anglican 24%, Presbyterian 18%, Roman Catholic 15%, Methodist 5%, Baptist 2%, other Protestant 3%, unspecified or none 33% (1986)
Sex ratio at birth: 1.05 male(s)/female


under 15 years: 1.04 male(s)/female


15-64 years: 0.98 male(s)/female


65 years and over: 0.75 male(s)/female


total population: 0.99 male(s)/female (2006 est.)
at birth:
1.04 male(s)/female

under 15 years:
1.05 male(s)/female

15-64 years:
1.01 male(s)/female

65 years and over:
0.77 male(s)/female

total population:
0.99 male(s)/female (2001 est.)
Suffrage 21 years of age; universal 18 years of age; universal
Telephone system general assessment: competition between Tonga Telecommunications Corporation (TCC) and Shoreline Communications Tonga (SCT) is accelerating expansion of telecommunications; SCT recently granted authority to develop high-speed digital service for telephone, Internet, and television


domestic: fully automatic switched network


international: country code - 676; satellite earth station - 1 Intelsat (Pacific Ocean) (2004)
general assessment:
excellent domestic and international systems

domestic:
NA

international:
submarine cables to Australia and Fiji; satellite earth stations - 2 Intelsat (Pacific Ocean)
Telephones - main lines in use 11,200 (2002) 1.84 million (1997)
Telephones - mobile cellular 16,400 (2004) 588,000 (1998)
Television broadcast stations 3 (2004) 41 (plus 52 medium-power repeaters and over 650 low-power repeaters) (1997)
Terrain most islands have limestone base formed from uplifted coral formation; others have limestone overlying volcanic base predominately mountainous with some large coastal plains
Total fertility rate 3 children born/woman (2006 est.) 1.8 children born/woman (2001 est.)
Unemployment rate 13% (FY03/04 est.) 6.3% (2000 est.)
Waterways - 1,609 km

note:
of little importance in satisfying total transportation requirements
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